Asian Senior Couple

为什么要为活到100岁做好准备?

投稿人高俊玮 (Junwei Gao), 财务顾问经理, 鑫盟理财.
请电邮 junwei@fapl.sg, 联系投稿人微信公号: 俊玮谈新)


古诗有言:生年不满百,常怀千岁忧。劝人凡事要看得达观些,不必为那些毫无益处的事而烦恼。

活上百岁,在好多国家已不是什么稀奇的事了,比如在日本,百岁老人已经司空见惯。七十早已不是古稀之年。日本老年学会甚至动议,应把年长者的定义从65岁提高到75岁。据预计,到了2050年,日本的100岁老人会突破百万大关,2007年以后出生的日本人平均可活到107岁。日本社会早就已开始普及“百年人生”的观念,也就是说,

规划人生要规划一百年,而不是几十年。

与人口老龄化俱来的问题很多,也很复杂,并不单是国家将承受的医疗开支会越来越重,因为,这是整个人口结构的老化,而不只是个人的老化。一个老龄化的人口,除了对医疗服务需求有影响,也必然要影响整个社会的其他方方面面,如住房、交通、就业、经济、生育、国防等等。

在新加坡,由于一直实行引进外来人才的政策,老龄化虽然不如日本那么严重,但也是一个严峻的社会问题了。到了2030年,新加坡每4个人当中,就有一个人是65岁以上的人士。

在许多亚洲的大城市,比如北京上海,人们越来越长寿,这个趋势明显

长寿当然是好事,但同时也带来一些问题。

最主要的问题是我们准备好了吗?

Old man with phone

肯定不能用旧办法来解决新的问题,所以作为个人,我们应该为将来的百年人生做什么准备呢?

改变观念。

按照过去的观念,人生规划一般是从出生到退休,如今,随着年寿的延长,退休后的规划尤其显得重要,否则很多人就无法应付退休后还有几十年的生活。

过去我们认为退休后要颐养天年,那是因为人均寿命短,活到60多岁就差不多了。退休后过不了多久人就走了,所以那时候自然退休就什么都不做了,体力上也支持不了。现在不同了,70-80岁人照样竞选总统,都那么拼,不管是体力还是脑力都非常敏捷,那为何不多做一些事呢?

在新加坡的退休年龄是65岁,万一活到100岁,整整35年的时间都无所事事吗?另外法定退休年龄使人们不自觉的产生一种错觉,以为人只要到退休年龄就只能做个闲人;事实上,一个人的工作能力,经验和技能比体力更为重要,我们去看医生都愿意找一个年长经验丰富的大夫,其实其他行业也需要富有经验的人士。

提升技能

过去我们常说要有一技之长,现在科技日新月异,一项技能肯定不足以应付100年。在不同的人生阶段,必须要有不同的进修、不同的事业,才能把100年的人生填满。这也是新加坡政府投入大量资源,一直在力推的终身学习计划!50-60岁学一个新技能并不算太晚,因为以后的日子还长着呢。

而且今后不用担心年纪大了找不到工作,因为今后谁也不比谁年轻多少。而且年长的人多,年轻的人少。

钱从哪里来?

最后,最为现实的问题就是,将来年纪大了,医疗支出费用肯定会比年轻的时候开销越来越大;另外,养老金问题怎么解决?

如果把人生拉到100年这么长,如果按照25岁开始工作,65岁退休的话,工作时间为40年,也就是说要用40年的时间,赚75年的生活费,这还要包括抚养子女和家庭的费用开销,很显然按照以前的方式肯定是不行了;人们越来越长寿,哪个国家的养老金制度都不够用。养老金 / 医疗保健 的费用那是个无底洞。

但很多人并没有意识到这个问题,现在人们都太忙了,每天忙工作忙家庭,不知不觉的几十年就过去了。到了退休年龄才想这个问题就晚了。刚才提到的要改变观念,这是刻不容缓的事情。每个人都要为自己将来的年长时的生活负责。

有什么办法解决呢?其实无外乎就两个方式:

  1. 永不退休;
  2. 尽早理财

永不退休

其实我一直强调,我们应该永不退休。能工作不是坏事,如果能够利用自己掌握的知识和技术,一直工作下去,而且能够做自己感兴趣的工作,那是再好不过的事情。利用自己的专长,做自己喜欢的事情,最好能够将来年长的时候不为了钱工作,而是为了自己的兴趣工作,又能有收入是最好不过的事了。

尽早理财

当然,如果在自己还比较年轻的时候做好理财规划,让自己在将来年长的时候,有一笔能够维持终身的养老金和医疗保健储备,是非常必要重要的事。

在新加坡,一对夫妻如果维持每月的生活基本开销,也要2000新币左右。根据公积金局官网上的数据,在公积金养老的制度下,在65岁的时候,养老账户上有40万左右的新币,能够终身每月领取2000左右的新币。要在65岁时达到这个40万新币的数额,要在55岁的时候,在公积金养老账户要有27万左右的存款,作为退休的费用。

一对夫妇每月2000新币的生活费够不够用?见仁见智,每个人的情况不同。但2000块钱就等于每个人1000新币的,只能维持最基本的生活开销。如果想要过上更充裕的生活,能够潇洒游山玩水的生活,是远远不够的。

所以,及早规划是多么的重要!如果这对夫妻,每人在55岁时都有27万左右的存款,那65岁开始,每个人都有2000左右,加起来一对夫妻有4000块的话,那生活质量提高了一倍!

所以一定要善用公积金!公积金制度是非常好的制度,利息是非常高的,而且是无风险的理财工具,往公积金账户里面存钱又能扣税节税,为什么不好好利用?

公积金最大的功能,最重要的功能只有一个,那就是退休规划!

happy asian senior couple hiking on the mountain

所以尽量不要用里面的钱去付房贷,和其他的开销。把钱存在里面,赚取无风险的高利息,是最划算最明智的选择。除了退休之外,公积金制度的保健账户,也是必不可少的。目前在65岁时保健账户里面有6万3000块新币(2021年的上限),就能有一个终身的基本的医疗保障。

当然如果想要更好的,更加充裕的保健和养老基金,就要及早在财务方面做更深入,更全面的规划。除了公积金之外,也要做一些风险稍微高一点,但预期回报更高的投资。当然前提必须是要把公积金的基础打好,先打好根基,再追求比公积金更高的回报。

公积金理财也有缺点

流动性差是公积金理财最大的缺点。

虽然公积金SA 账户能带来无风险的4% 利息,但其缺乏流动性,因为放在公积金SA账户里面,要等到55岁时才能取出。


Important: The information and opinions in this article are for general information purposes only. They should not be relied on as professional financial advice. Readers should seek independent financial advice that is customised to their specific financial objectives, situations & needs. This advertisement or publication has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

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